ABSTRACTS 2013 #2                                   
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ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHENOLIC PROFILING OF TWO EGYPTIAN MEDICINAL HERBS Polygonum salicifolium Brouss ex Wild AND Polygonum senegalense Meisn

Sameh Reda HUSSEIN, Amal Amin MOHAMED

Abstract. Polygonum salicifolium Brouss ex Wild and Polygonum senegalense Meisn (polygonaceae), are two medicinal herbs, native to Egypt. The methanol extracts of both the plants were analyzed for total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity. Chemical investigations afforded eight phenolic compounds identified on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic tools. This study shows that the investigated taxa could be good sources of free-radical scavenging compounds and may explain their traditional medicinal application.

Keywords: Polygonum; biological activity; flavonoids; C-glycosylflavone.

 

 

THE CYTO- AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS INDUCED BY SULPHATES IN Allium cepa L.

Elena DOROFTEI, Maria-Mihaela ANTOFIE

Abstract. The scope of this paper is to assess the cyto- and genotoxic effects of sulphate on Allium cepa mitosis for root meristem. Three different concentrations of sodium sulphate (i.e. 0,1%; 1% and 5%) have been used, in which the onion bulbs were immersed for different periods of time such as 6, 24 and 72 hours. In the end of the experiment the harvested root tips were prepared according to Feulgen’s squash technique and using Schiff reagent. The cytotoxic effects of sulphate were investigated by calculating the mitotic index and also through the analysis of chromosomes alterations during the mitosis. The phase ratio of cells undergoing mitosis in all the phases is estimated for all variants. For microscopy investigations it was used a Novex Holland B microscope with digital camera included. The cytological analysis realized on Allium cepa revealed a strong decrease in the mitotic index due to sulphate treatments which is more intense with the time of exposure. Moreover this phenomenon is associated with the appearance of different chromosomal complement alterations including the appearance of highly condensed chromatin. The mitotic index and genotoxic observations over the chromosomes can also be correlated with phase ratio of cells undergoing mitosis.

Keywords: Allium cepa, mitosis, phase ratio, sodium sulphate, mitotic index.

 

 

GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM NITRATE IN ONION ROOTS

Maria-Mihaela ANTOFIE, Elena DOROFTEI

Abstract. The scope of this paper is to assess cyto- and genotoxic effects of sodium nitrate on Allium cepa root tips by using different concentrations (i.e. 0,1%; 1% and 5%) for treating uniform healthy onion bulbs for three different periods of time: 6, 24 and 72 hours. In the end of the experiment the harvested root tips were prepared according to Feulgen’s squash technique using Schiff reagent and the investigations were realized according to Allium test. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of nitrate were investigated by calculating the mitotic index and observing all chromosomes’ complement alterations during the mitosis. The phase rate of cells undergoing mitosis is also studied. For microscopy investigations a Novex Holland B microscope with digital camera included was used. The cytogenetic analysis of nitrate effects revealed a strong decrease in the mitotic index which is more intense with the concentration and time of exposure. Moreover, this effect is associated in case of the variant treated with 5% sodium nitrate acting for more than 24 hours, with the appearance of genotoxic effects such as chromosomal alterations, highly condensed chromatin expression easily identified during mitosis stages, sticky chromosomes and chromosomal bridges and laggards.

Keywords: Allium cepa, mitosis, phase ratio, sodium nitrate, mitotic index.

 

 

THE UTILIZATION OF SOME IRON AND ZINC COMPOUNDS AS REGULATORS OF CATALASE ACTIVITY AT Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Nadejda EFREMOVA, Elena MOLODOI, Agafia USATÎI, Ludmila FULGA

Abstract. The main aim of this study was to examine the impact of some zinc and iron compounds as oxidative stress factors on catalase activity, which is known to be important defense system of microorganisms to metal stress. For the investigation was used baker's yeast strain - Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNMN-Y-11 previously selected as a source of protein and catalase. The obtained results have revealed that compounds of iron and zinc with citrate and acetate contributes to the accumulation of yeast biomass and have beneficial effect on the catalase activity at selected yeast strain. The maximum increase of catalase activity in yeast biomass was established in case of iron and zinc citrate supplementation to the nutritive medium in optimal concentration of 15.0 mg/l. Results of the present study could be used for the elaboration of new procedures of catalase obtaining by directed synthesis with the utilization of selected metal compounds.

Keywords: yeasts, antioxidant enzyme, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, catalase, metal compounds.

THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS IN BIOMASS OF STREPTOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM SOILS OF CENTRAL PART OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Svetlana BOORTSEVA, Kristina BALTSAT, Olga POSTOLACHI, Oleg CHISELITSA, Tatiana BARBAK, Maxim BYRSA

Abstract. The qualitative and quantitative composition of lipids from biomass of soil streptomycetes was studied. Streptomyces strains were isolated from soil samples with the different content of humus (2.4-6.8%) from central part of Republic of Moldova. Storage of Streptomyces strains were performed on agar media Czapek with glucose and oatmeal agar. The biomass was obtained after cultivation on liquid complex medium M-I (basic source of carbon was corn flour) for 5 days at 27°C on the agitator. Were established that the amount of biomass of studied strains varies from 6.64 to 19.6 g/l, the percentage of lipids in biomass from - 4.94 to 13.5%. Amount of physiologically important fractions - phospholipids are 4.76-14.66%, sterols - 3,84 - 19.76% and triglycerides 15.11 - 44.23%. These strains can be considered as a basis for biological products recommended for animal husbandry.

Keywords: streptomycetes, biomass, lipids, lipids fractions.

 

 

RESEARCHES ON THE EPIGEOUS ENTOMOFAUNA
IN THE “DUMBRAVA SIBIULUI” OAK FOREST (SIBIU COUNTY, ROMANIA)

Cristina MOISE, Maria TĂNASE

Abstract. Epigeous insects in the “Dumbrava Sibiului” oak forest were captured between 2011-2012. From April to September in each year. 12 traps were installed in a circle 243 individuals collected belonged to 28 species and 6 families: Carabidae – 14 species (50.0%), 188 individuals (77.37 %), Staphylinidae – 7 species (25.0 %), 15 individuals (6.17 %), Silphidae – 3 species (10.72 %), 29 individuals (11.93 %), Elateridae – 1 species (3.51 %), 1 individual (0.41 % ), Scarabaeidae – 2 species (7.14 %), 8 individuals (3.29 %), Forficulidae – 1 species (3.51 %), 2 individuals (0.82 %)). Also, we presented in tables the ecological requirements of the species of Carabidae collected, the variation of their relative abundance and the structure of dominance Composition of species corresponded to communities from drier forms of irregularly flooded the floodplain forests with decreased level of ground water, known from Central Europe.

Keywords: Forest "Dumbrava Sibiului", entomofauna, ecological requirements, abundance, dominance.

 

 

Erratum to: The importance of apical domination and the size of foliar surface in the acclimatisation process of Chrysanthemum exvitroplantlets

Adriana PETRUS-VANCEA

(Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Fascicula Biologie Tom. XIII, 85-87, 2006; full text)


Acknowledgements. We are grateful to dr. Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva for the observation on the mistake.

 


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