ABSTRACTS 2017 #1                                  
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Oluwatobi A. OSO, Bukola O. OLOWOYEYE, Sina M. OMOSOWON

Abstract. A comparative study of epidermal peels and transverse sections of spathes and rachis of Musa sapientum L. and Musa paradisiaca L. was carried out in search of constant microcharacters. The abaxial surfaces of the spathes of M. sapientum and M. paradisiaca showed similarities in parenchyma cell wall shape, presence of raphides, papillae base and stomata type, while there were marked differences in anticlinal walls and network of stomata on the abaxial surface. The adaxial surfaces of the spathes of the two species showed similar pattern in parenchyma cell wall and stomata type but differ in the anticlinal walls, raphide bundles and base of papillae. In addition, there were marked similarities in the trichomes on the rachis epidermis of M. sapientum and M. paradisiaca, with minor quantitative differences in distribution. M. sapientum and M. paradisiaca can be distinguished on the basis of the microcharacters on the spathes and rachis.

Keywords: Musa, epidermal, rachis, spathe, microcharacters



Cristina STANCĂ-MOISE, Robert BLAJ

Abstract. Ips thypographus is known as one of the most species that produces important pest of the spruce fir forest. In the conditions of overpopulation, this pest could become an important one and in this case they are endangered also the healthy trees and it is necessary to apply the urgent and expensive protection measures. The successful prevention measures about the appearance of the infestation centers (points, focus), the prevention of the exceeding the economical point (threshold, on the brink) of the pest are in connection with a thoroughgoing study of the pest biolgy and with the perfecting the methods and the means of the monitoring, prognosis and at the end of the preventive control of the pest. For these reasons, they were made numerous studies and researches concerning the knowledge of the species Ips thypographus by some researchers. Because the development of this pest is in connection with many factors, among them, the climatical ones have a prevalent role, the detailed studies in the concrete conditions are imperatively necessary. The generalizations of some particular cases are irelevant. In this paper we propose ourselves to study the species. Ips thypographus in the particular conditions from the "Ocolul Silvic Miercurea Sibiului", (Sibiu county, Romania) between the years 2015-2016.

Keywords: monitoring, protection methods, pheromonale traps, Ips thypographus.




Ogochukwu Esther OKANUME, Basil DALANG, Okwoli Aboje AGABA, Chinelo Anthonia EZEABARA

Abstract. An investigation was carried out on four species of Euphorbia Linn. in Jos North LGA, Plateau State Nigeria to assess the anatomical characters that can serve as taxonomic markers. The species investigated include E. cotinifolia L., E. hirta L., E. milii Des Moul. and E. thymifolia L. The leaf epidermal characters studied were the types of stomata, trichomes, cell shapes amd patterns. The stomatal distribution varied within the studied species and can be used to differentiate the studied species into two groups, E. cotinifolia with hypostomatic leaves can conveniently be distinguished from E. hirta, E. milii and E. thymifolia with amphistomatic leaves. The trichome morphology can also be used to delimit the studied species into two groups, E. cotinifolia and E. milii with no trichome on the surfaces can be separated from E. hirta and E. thymifolia with multiellular uniseriate trichomes on both surfaces. The studied Euphorbia species displayed a number of characters of taxonomic importance such as the presence of both the anomocytic and anisocyctic stomata types on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of E. cotinifolia and E. hirta respectively, different epidermal cell shapes and anticlinal wall patterns that can increase our understanding of the species.

Keywords: Euphorbia, epidermal cell, trichomes, stomata, epidermis.





Agafia USATII, Ludmila BEJENARU

Abstract. The paper provides new data about the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles with dimensions of 40 nm on bioproduction parameters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNMN-Y-18 strain. According to the obtained results, TiO2 nanoparticles added to the YPD medium in concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 mg/L did not seriously affect the growth of the yeast strain. The values of cellular biomass production, of total carbohydrate, mannoprotein and protein content, catalase activity fit in the range of the admissible error compared with the control. Monitoring of the evolution of biosynthetic processes in the yeast biomass in correlation with the concentration of nanoparticles is of great interest for the technologies of yeast biomass final product obtaining.

Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; nanoparticles; biomass; carbohydrates; mannoproteins; proteins; catalase.




Toochukwu Ekwutosi OGBULIE, Henry Uzoma ANUFORO, Campbell Onyeka AKUJOBI, Augusta Anurika NWACHUKWU, Winifred Onyinye OKIKA

Abstract. The ability of bacteria in anode chambers of microbial fuel cell (MFC) to transfer electrons from their respiratory chains to anode distinguishes it into mediator or mediator-less MFC. Two groups of 3 MFCs each were constructed with either potassium permanganate as electron acceptor, or potassium ferricyanide. Electrodes used were carbon – carbon (CC), carbon – copper (CCu) and copper – copper (CuCu) in each group. The initial BOD and COD of the piggery wastewater were 420mg/L and 1057mg/L respectively. After 25 days, coulombic efficiency recorded were 69%, 84%, 74%, 76%,72% and 5.10%, while COD removal 65%, 51%, 47%, 83%, 48% and 49% for CCP, CCuP, CuCuP, CCF, CCuF and CuCuF respectively. Maximum power density (at Rext = 1000Ω) observed were 79.27mW/m2, 156.32mW/m2, 92.29mW/m2, 60.94mW/m2, 39.94mW/m2 and 14.21mW/m2 for CCP, CCuP, CuCuP, CCF, CCuF and CuCuF respectively. Although Streptococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Lactobacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Micrococcus luteus, Corynebacterium sp., Shigella sp. and Aeromonas sp. were biochemically identified before treatment of wastewater, but Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli, Shigella sp. and Aeromonas sp. did not persist after treatment. Molecular analysis confirmed the absence of Clostridium botulinum, Aeromonas hydrophila, Clostridium butyricum and Rhodobacter ferrireducens, which are known exoelectrogens on the surface of anodes. Plasmid profile revealed that Lactobacillus sp., Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Aeromonas sp. carried plasmids. Studies should be undertaken using these persistent bacteria in isolation to ascertain their individual capabilities, together with other cheaper, more environmentally friendly catholytes for better outputs.

Keywords: Bacteria, Wastewater, Bioelectricity, Exoelectrogen, Mediator, Piggery, Plasmid.




Henry Uzoma ANUFORO, Toochukwu Ekwutosi OGBULIE, Campbell Onyeka AKUJOBI, Ethelbert Uchechukwu EZEJI

Abstract. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of generating bioelectricity from piggery wastewater. Exoelectrogens in the wastewater were harnessed and 0.1M potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution served as electron acceptor. Three units of 2-chambers MFCs with carbon – carbon (CC), carbon – copper (CCu) and copper-copper (CuCu) electrodes were constructed. Using piggery wastewater of BOD, 420mg/L and COD, 1057mg/L, the highest open circuit voltage (OCV) recorded were 969.6mV, 1228.5mV and 1338.5mV for CC, CCu and CuCu respectively. The voltage recorded across the MFCs was observed to decrease with decreasing external resistance. The highest power density (at Rext = 1000Ω) were 79.27mW/m2 (105.7mA/m2), 156.32mW/m2 (148.4mA/m2) and 92.29mW/m2 (114.0mA/m2) for CC, CCu and CuCu respectively. Generally, power density increased with decreasing external resistance across each MFC until 200Ω beyond which it decreased. After 25days operation of the MFCs, the coulombic efficiency of the MFCs were 69%, 84% and 74%, while COD removal were 65%, 51% and 47% for CC, CCu and CuCu respectively. Moreover, carbon – carbon electrodes mix was found to be better in generation of electricity and wastewater treatment than copper – copper electrodes or their combinations. Pre and post bacteria isolation and identification revealed the presence of Lactobacillus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Streptococcus sp., Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Aeromonas sp., Micrococcus luteus, Corynebacterium sp. and Salmonella sp. in the test piggery wastewater. This study therefore paved way for further optimization and scale up for better harvest of energy and wastewater treatment.

Keywords: Microbial Fuel Cell, Potassium permanganate, Electrodes, Plasmid, Bioelectricity



 

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