Svetlana BOORTSEVA, Maxim BYRSA, Natalia CHISELITSA, Oleg CHISELITSA
Abstract. The effect of freeze-drying temperature (-20°C, -50°C, -80°C) on viability, population composition, qualitative andquantitative composition of lipids in the biomass of the Streptomyces canosus CNMN-Ac-02 strain was studied. Storage of Streptomyces canosus CNMN-Ac-02 strain was performed on agar media Czapek with glucose and oatmeal agar. Freeze-drying was carried out using the equipment LabCONCO, protective media gelatin 2.5%+ sucrose 7.5%. The biomass was obtained before and after freeze-drying, after cultivation on liquid complex media M-I (basic source of carbon was corn flour) for 5 days at 27°C on agitator. The population composition, quantity of biomass and lipid content varies after freeze-drying. For long-term storage of this strain of Streptomyces, freeze-drying at range -20°C is recommended. This temperature range granted the best viability, productivity of biomass, lipid content and composition of the lipids fractions, similar before and after freeze-drying.
Keywords: Streptomycetes; freeze-drying; viability; biomass; lipids; lipids fractions.
SYSTEMATIC APPLICABILITY OF ISSR MARKERS AT INTRA-FAMILIAL LEVEL,CASE STUDY IN ASTERACEAE
Houshang NOSRATI, Ali MOVAFEGHI, MohammadAli Hosseinpour FEIZI, Salehe SAFFAR, Ahmad Razban HAGHIGHI
Abstract. The family Asteraceae with about 25000 species is one of the two largest plant families. The systematic relationship in Asteraceae at sub-familial and tribal levels are controversial, although almost all morphological and molecular classifications have recognized two subfamilies Asteroideae and Lactucoideae. We investigated the applicability of Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) in inferring the sub-familial and tribal relationship in the Asteraceae by including 17 species belonging to 12 genera representing 6 tribes, and compared the obtained results with data from morphological, nuclear DNA and cprbc/L sequences data. The genetic distance between species pairs were measured based on Nei’s distance and a UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetical Averages) dendrogram was generated based on the matrix of Nei’s. Out of 10 ISSRs primers examined, 6 primers produced 107 polymorphic reproducible bands. Our results showed that there was no correlation between ISSRs-based genetic distance and taxonomic relationship between species, e.g. the two species Achillea micrantha and Tanacetum polycephallum from the same tribe showed highest genetic distance (0.50), while the taxonomically distant species Condrilla juncea and Crepis sancta showed smallest distance (0.07). Moreover, the ISSRs analysis did not separate the taxa under study into two well-known subfamilies. The current work shows that due to high evolution rates, ISSRs are not reliable markers for studying the systematics of plants at higher taxonomic levels such as intra-familial and inter-tribal levels.
Keywords: Asteraceae, inter-tribal relationship, intra-familial taxonomy, ISSRs
Laszlo
FODORPATAKI, Szabolcs BARNA, Hilda DEAK, Balazs KOVACS, Janos GERAJ,
Botond HOLINKA
Abstract.
Lesser duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is a cosmopolitan aquatic test plant,
its growth and metabolic parameters are useful markers of the influence
exerted on living organisms by changes in water quality. We have
investigated the influence of water-polluting copper and herbicides on
net biomass production, photosynthetic pigment content and efficiency
parameters of induced chlorophyll fluorescence of duckweed. Copper
decreased biomass production of duckweed only at higher concentrations
(100 μM), while diuron inhibited growth even at 10 μM. With respect to
the light-harvesting complexes of chloroplasts, the molar ratios
between the main types of photosynthetic pigments proved to be the most
sensitive markers of the impact of the applied water-polluting agents.
In case of water pollution with copper and diuron, the mostly sensitive
parameters of induced chlorophyll fluorescence were the potential
quantum yield efficiency and the vitality index of photosynthetic
apparatus, these parameters being recommended for bioindication of
water pollution.
Keywords: bioindication, chlorophyll fluorescence, duckweed, heavy metal, herbicide, photosynthetic efficiency.
Carmen Liliana BĂDĂRĂU, Nicoleta CHIRU, Ionela Cătălina GUŢĂ
Abstract. The purpose of this study is to decrease the PVY (potato virus Y) and PVX (potato virus X) infection level, using electrotherapies, antiviral compounds (ribavirin and oseltamivir) in the tissue culture and several treatments (Satureja hortensis essential oils, H2O2 1mM pH 5.6 and AA 3mM pH 5.6) applied by spraying the microplants acclimatized in greenhouse. The biological material used was plants (variety ‘Roclas’, virus free biological material) mechanically inoculated using: PVY secondary infected plants from ‘Record’ variety; PVX secondary infected plants from ‘Bintje’ variety. Electrotherapy was applied in 9 variants: after washing and sizing explants, potato stems infected were exposed to either 40, 50 or 100 miliampers (mA), for 5, 10 or 20 minutes, followed by sterilization and immediate planting the axillary buds tip in vitro. Chemotherapy was undertaken with ribavirin (RBV) and oseltamivir (OSMV) (RBV 40 mg·l-1 + OSMV 40 mg·l-1; RBV 20 mg·l-1 + OSMV 40 mg·l-1; RBV 20 mg·l-1 + OSMV 80mg· l-1). The first variant (RBV 40 mg·l-1 + OSMV 40 mg·l-1 added to the tissue culture medium + essential oils treatments of acclimatized plants) and the electrotherapy variant 10 minutes at 100mA showe the highest rate of virus eradication, the maximum values of the therapy efficiency.
Keywords: Satureja hortensis essential oils; PVY; PVX; ribavirin; oseltamivir; electrotherapy.
Abbreviations: EOs essential oils; AO antioxidants; PVY potato virus Y; PVX potato virus X; RBV ribavirin; OSMV oseltamivir; MS Murashige Skoog; AA ascorbic acid; S sub-culture; TEI therapy efficiency index
Elena MOLODOI, Nadejda EFREMOVA, Agafia USATÎI, Ludmila FULG
Abstract. This paper represents synthesis of results that refers to the optimization of nutritive medium composition and cultivation conditions for Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNMN-Y-18 yeast strain for maximum accumulation of mannans. New nutritive medium for cultivation of yeast strain selected as active mannan producer was elaborated by the application of mathematical methods of experimental planning. The optimized medium YP(GA) with the following composition: yeast extract - 10.0 g/l, peptone - 20.0 g/l, glucose - 46.0 g/l, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate - 2.32 g/l assure the obtaining up to 12.07% or 1.050 g/l mannans. Optimum conditions for mannans biosynthesis – the temperature of 250C, aeration mode 81.0 mg/l, pH 5.5, duration of cultivation 120 hours were established for Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNMN-Y-18 yeast strain. The procedure of directed cultivation of selected yeast strain assures the obtaining 12.65% opposite to 10.15% dry cell weight of mannans obtained on initial medium.
Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; mannan; nutritive medium; mathematical methods of experimental planning; cultivation conditions.
Cristina MOISE
Abstract. We consider that the current IUCN criteria provide a far more valid assessment of extinction risk than earlier versions and that this new Red List assessment provides an important foundation to define conservation priorities, including those within the Forest "Dumbrava Sibiu". Currently, fauna and ecological analysis of the landscape in which the reserves and Forest "Dumbrava Sibiu" shows a great scientific and practical interest for biological research in Sibiu. The results can contribute substantially to assessing the state of the world of insects and their evolution of the number of species in the studied ecosystem, but also to establish their quantitative and qualitative changes over time. The data obtained by the past research is completed by the collections of personal data between 2001-2012. So, we intend to achieve a more comprehensive study, on the evolution Macrolepidoptera over more than 120 years of research in the area of Forest "Dumbrava Sibiului". For some species have been listed by the IUCN recommended levels of endangerment in 2000 and 2001 Rákosy L.: critically endangered, extinct, taxon vulnerable, near threatened.
Keywords: butterflies, Red List, Forest "Dumbrava Sibiului", IUCN, threatened species.
DNA ISOLATION FROM FRESH AND DRY LEAVES OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS
Inderpal KAUR, Veenu JOSHI, Shailesh Kumar JADHAV
Abstract. DNA extraction is the primary step for carrying out any kind of molecular study. Purity and concentration of DNA are the major factors which affects the success of molecular analysis. In the present study simple and cost efficient method for isolation of high quality DNA was developed utilizing less hazardous chemicals, for fresh and dry leaves of five medicinal plants using five modified protocols to find the best to maximize the purity and concentration of DNA. The modified procedures in Annona squamosa, Aegle marmelos, Bauhinia variegata, Mimusops elengi, Thevetia peruviana yielded maximum of 1245, 954, 989, 2019 and 2337 µg/ml from fresh leaves and 128, 610, 126, 257 and 897 µg/ml of DNA from dry leaves respectively without any polysaccharide, polyphenol and RNA impurities.
Keywords: DNA isolation, medicinal plants, dry leaves, cost efficient, purity, hazardous.
Romulus IAGĂRU, Pompilica IAGĂRU
Abstract. The success of high and steady potato yields is subject to continuous production of healthy planting material with high biological value and in sufficient quantities. Achieving this goal is hampered by continuous and progressive infections of potato plants via aphids, viral disease that causes regression of production, causing degeneration. The appearance of aphids as vectors of viral diseases is influenced by climatic conditions and an inadequate vegetative home. In this context, the paper highlights the results of research on potato maintaining productive potential through effective measures to limit polluting sources and reduce viral infection transmitting. Thus, it slows, it hinders the achievable trinomial: host plant - virus - vector prerequisite condition for triggering a viral infection. The research is focused on establishing correlations between biological constants of aphid species and climatic characterization of the area of potato seed multiplication to stop the circulation of viruses from diseased plants to healthy ones, and from one year to another.
Keywords: aphid, host plant, infection, potato, viral, vector.
