ARTICLES 2009 #1                         
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RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF INORGANIC SUBSTRATUM
OVER GLYPHOSATE MINERALIZATION CAPACITY IN SOIL

Ersilia ALEXA, Mihaela BRAGEA, Renata SUMALAN, Monica NEGREA

Abstract. The object of this work was to study the dynamic of glyphosate mineralization in different agricultural soils characteristic to the west part of Romania: Black Chernozem, Typical Gleysol, Phaeozom and Slight Vertisol with moderate carbonatation. The degradation experiment was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions using Glyphosatephosphonomethyl- 14C-labeled with specific activity 2,2mCi/mmol. The experimental results indicated that the dynamic of glyphosate mineralization until the stage CO2 in present of inorganic compounds is different for each soil, the mineralization of the herbicide is important in the first days of incubation and then decreases with time until the end of experimentation.

Keywords: mineralization, soil, Glyphosate-phosphonomethyl-14C-labeled, Chernozem, Typical Gleysol, Phaeozom and Slight Vertisol

 

THE ANALYSIS OF SOME CFTR GENE MUTATIONS IN A SMALL GROUP
OF CF PATIENTS FROM SOUTHERN PART OF ROMANIA

Pompilia APOSTOL, Danut CIMPONERIU, Irina RADU, Lucian GAVRILA

Abstract. Cystic fibrosis is the most common hereditary disease in European descendant populations, with prevalence depending on ethnic groups studied. In contrast to other European countries, there is little information regarding the frequency of CFTR mutations for the Southern part of Romania. The aim of this study was to test the presence of nine CFTR mutations in CF patients from the Southern part of Romania, using complementary analysis methods. We investigated a group of unrelated CF patients (n=19) and, when possible, their voluntary parents (n=15). We observed that the most frequently worldwide CF mutation, ΔF508, was present in 17 of our patients (89.5%) in homozygous (n=7) or heterozygous (n=10) condition and absent in 2 cases (10.5%). This mutation was also detected in ten parents, seven of them (100%) have homozygous children and three (37.5%) have heterozygous children for ΔF508 mutation. None of the G542X, S549N, G551D, R553X, R560T, S1255X, W1282X and N1303K mutations have been detected in the samples from patients or parents. Our results are partially similar with those reported in neighbouring countries where the ΔF508 is the most common mutation detected and the frequency of R560T, S549N, G551D and S1255X mutations is near zero. The enlargement of this study could give a better result regarding the spectrum of CFTR mutations in Romanian patients with CF.

Keywords: Cystic fibrosis, CFTR gene, ΔF508, mutations

 

RESEARCHES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF CROP ROTATION
(FORERUNNER PLANT) AND FERTILIZATION LEVEL ON THE DYNAMICS OF
TOTAL DRY BIOMASS ACCUMULATION IN WINTER WHEAT

Ileana ARDELEAN, Gheorghe-Emil BANDICI, Cristian-Felix BLIDAR

Abstract. The knowledge of biomass accumulation dynamics in winter wheat, correlated to concrete edaphic and climatic conditions, race and cultivation technologies, offers the possibility of guiding the process toward the realization of higher and stable production efficiency per surface unit. Research and production results were engaged at the elaboration of the present work, and especially the original researches developed by the author referring to the biomass accumulation dynamics in winter wheat cultivated on brown-luvic soils in central area of the Western Plain of Romania. Data from scientific literature were also used in the present work. The theoretical and practical importance as compared to other similar works is enhanced by a strict reference to a particular area in western Romania. The present work is bringing new information to the actual scientific area of interest and offers technical solutions for efficient technical interventions in correlation with biological capacity of the plant putting them in value.

Keywords: forerunner plant, fertilization level, biomass accumulation, phenophase, winter wheat

 

THE INFLUENCE OF THE FORERUNNER PLANT, FERTILISATION LEVEL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON THE TOTAL WET AND DRY GLUTEN CONTENT OF WINTER WHEAT SEEDS
Ileana ARDELEAN, Gheorghe-Emil BANDICI, Cristian-Felix BLIDAR, Cornelia PURCAREA

Abstract. The quality of the cultivated plants depends on the employed cultivar and hybrid, climatic characteristics during the cultivation year and also, on the applied technology. There are important references in scientific literature that emphasize the implication of different factors in influencing the quality of the obtained production. They underline the importance of nitrogen on the increase in protein content, on wet and dry mass gluten also on the amelioration of quality indexes of gluten. The authors mention the role of the ameliorative plant (pea) on the wheat quality and the important role of the regionalised wheat races on the quality of raw protein and gluten.

Keywords: forerunner plant, fertilization level, dry gluten, wet gluten, winter wheat seeds

 

THE ANSWER OF SOME OLD VARIETIES OF SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.
FOR IN VITRO CULTIVATION

Anca BACIU

Abstract. The genus Solanum is of great importance for the molecular and cell biology researches in general, and for the vegetal genetic engineering in particular. Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L. is one of the most important culture plants of the temperate zone, being the fifth in rank among the cultivated species around the world and the fourth in rank as world crop [12] and as proteins production among the culture plants. In the scientific activity of the Department of Genetics the magneto fluids nanocomposites have been used since from 1985.
From the historical point of view the magneto fluids nanocomposites were use in technology, medicine and in the plant kingdom. The most spectacular results were obtained in medicine in the carcigenesis treatment. The magneto fluids nanocomposites were used in biotechnology, especially for improving the regenerative processes. In our experiments we wanted to understand the magneto fluids nanocomposites effect upon in vitro regeneration processes in Solanum tuberosum L. old varieties. These studies are good opportunities for further potato genetic resources conservation researches and for political and ethical decisions.

Keywords: potato, varieties, in vitro, magneto fluids nanocomposites

 

THE INFLUENCE OF CROP ROTATION, FERTILISATION LEVEL AND
PHENOPHASE ON THE PARTICIPATION WEIGHT OF WHEAT COMPONENTS
(ROOT SYSTEM, STEM, BLADES AND SPIKE) AT TOTAL PHYTOMASS
REALISATION ON BROWN LUVIC SOILS IN THE WESTERN PLAIN OF ROMANIA

Gheorghe-Emil BANDICI, Cristian-Felix BLIDAR, Ileana ARDELEAN, Monica-Angela SIPOS

Abstract. The growth of the winter wheat is characterized by an increase in the volume and weight of the whole plant: roots, stem, blades and spike. Every component displaying a particular response to the influence of environmental factors, having a particular developmental rhythm function of it’s own characteristics. The knowledge of the plants’growth dynamics accepts the intervention in a certain moments of the agrotechnical factors (fertilization, sowing period, density, forerunner plant) in order to provide high and stable production. The dynamics of the phenomena in relation with growth of the winter wheat made the object of this research.

Keywords: winter heat, crop rotation, fertilization level, phenophase, phytomass wheat components, forerunner plant

 

RESEARCHES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF FORERUNNER PLANT AND FERTILIZATION LEVEL IN WINTER WHEAT ON THE PHYTOMASS REMAINS (ROOTS AND STUBBLE FIELD) AND THE DEPOSITS OF WEED SEEDS REMAINED IN THE GROUND
Gheorghe-Emil BANDICI, Cristian-Felix BLIDAR, Adriana PETRUS-VANCEA, Ileana ARDELEAN

Abstract. An important problem refers to soil weeds seed bank with special reference to brown luvic soils and relationship between vegetal remains (roots + stub) and agrofund – crop rotation plant. A great number of seeds can be found in first 20 centimeters of soil (plowing layer). This fact causes a high weeds density, which has a negative effect on the cultivated plants leading to partial or total crop loss.

Keywords: crop rotation, phytomass, dry weigh, root, stub, accumulation, weed seeds.

 

IN VITRO REACTIVITY OF CYMBIDIUM HYBRIDUM L. PROTOCORMS, ON
BISTRATIFIED CULTURE MEDIA, USING VARIOUS SUPERNATANT SUCROSES SOLUTION

Cristian-Felix BLIDAR, Gheorghe-Emil BANDICI, Ildikó SZABÓ, Lucia MIHALESCU,
Oana-Elena MARE-ROSCA

Abstract. Knowing the fact that the protocorms’ multiplication processes are accelerated in their submersion conditions in liquid medium, against the situation that, these protocorms are vitrocultivated on solid (agarized) medium cultures (which prevails in organogenesis processes), we propose to study the influence exerted by the cultures, practiced in bistratified regime, to
Cymbidium protocorms in vitro cultures. In this interest, as supernatant we used bidistilled water, either on sucrose, glucose or fructose solutions, in different concentrations, which were applied over the inoculated protocorms on agarized medium cultures. The basic medium culture used by us in these experiments was Murashige – Skoog (1962) [13]. To this, we added different growth regulators, like: 2,4-D (2 mg/l), or mixtures of BA (2 mg/l) with NAA (1 mg/l), or only BA (2 mg/l), or only NAA (1 mg/l). The witness lot consisted of vitrocultivated protocorms on agarized medium culture, without growth regulators, cultivated in monolayer.
After 90 days from the initiation of the double-layered medium cultures, we ascertained that, the application of the second layer (the liquid one) over the agarized medium cultures strongly stimulated the multiplication of Cymbidium protocorms, and mostly if the second layer was bidistilled water; the usage of a 5% glucose solution as supernatant, was the most inefficient procedure, matter the micropropagation of Cymbidium protocorms, regardless the content of growth regulators existing in agarized layer of medium cultures.

Keywords: protocorm, Cymbidium (orchid), double-layer, carbohydrates, “in vitro”

 

RESEARCHES CONCERNING NITRATES AND NITRITES ACCUMULATION IN
KOHLRABI IN THE WEST SIDE OF ROMANIA

Alina BULMAGA, Aurel LAZUREANU, Ersilia ALEXA, Monica NEGREA

Abstract. In this study we followed the monitoring of nitrate and nitrite content in kohlrabi after the administration of organic and mineral fertilizers in different doses. Kohlrabi samples (GIGANT hybride) for the analysis have been taken from an experimental field established in Mosnita, near Timisoara. In the experimental field to kohlrabi have been administrated three doses of synthetic fertilisers NPK N0P0K0 N30P30K30, (200 kg/ha NPK) N60P60K60 (400 kg/ha NPK) and N120P60K60 (400 kg/ha NPK + 180 kg/ha ammonium nitrogen) and one dose of organic fertilisers (organic compost - 30 t/ha). The nitrate and nitrite content in kohlrabi was done from aqueous solution after spectrophotometric detection using the rapid tests AQUA MERCK and the Spectrophotometer SQ 118 at a wavelength of 515 and 525 nm for nitrate and nitrites. The experimental results show that the nitrate content, in samples taken from the Timis County we registered values above maximum limit allowed for kohlrabi. The highest nitrate content (2180 ppm) was registered to variant V4 where the used mineral fertiliser dose was N120P60K60. This excessive accumulation appears because of the high nitrogen content N120 applied to this variant.

Keywords: kohlrabi, nitrate, nitrite, organic and mineral fertilizer

 

EARLY REHABILITATION IN A CASE OF PLURIMALFORMATIVE SYNDROME
WITH DELETIONS OF CHROMOSOMES 13 AND 18

Mariana CEVEI, Dorina STOICANESCU, Carmen AVRAM

Abstract. Deletion of long arm of chromosome 13 is characterized by malformations of the craniofacial region, skeletal abnormalities, other physical abnormalities and intellectual disability. Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 18 is a rare chromosomal disorder with a phenotype that may vary considerably in range and severity, depending on the type of deletion and location of the breakpoint. Subjects have characteristic features including short stature, mental retardation, hypotonia, malformations of the hands and feet, craniofacial abnormalities and numerous neurologic deficiencies with a high incidence of dysmyelination. In this paper we report the case of a female infant with multiple congenital abnormalities, craniofacial dysmorphism, severe mental retardation and severe hypotonia, who was found to have deletions of the long arm of chromosomes 13 and 18. We included her in a rehabilitation program from the age of eleven months. Rehabilitation programs aimed improving hypotonia as well as stimulating the development of motor skills. We observed the case for a period of one year, periodic monitoring of muscle tone and performance, along with the neurological status, showing significant motor and mental improvement. Conclusions: Rehabilitation treatment is effective and must be an early intervention.

Keywords: chromosomal abnormality, hypotonia, rehabilitation.

 

BOUTELOUA CURTIPENDULA IN HERBARIUM UNIVERSITY
OF CRAIOVA, ROMANIA

Iulian COSTACHE

Abstract. The paper presented in full material with the interesting presence of the Bouteloua curtipendula in Herbarium University of Craiova. This species has been collected by Marin Paun in June, 26th, 1962, but the species has not been identified. The species presence as new for Romania, has been presentation in summary in the 7th International Symposium „Prospects for the 3rd Millennium Agriculture” October 2-4, 2008, USAMV Cluj-Napoca [5].

Keywords: flora, Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr., Oltenia, Romanian

 

ON BRYUM DICHOTOMUM FROM BRYOFLORA OF ROMANIA
Gheorghe Constantin DIHORU, Iulian COSTACHE

Abstract. The confusion of microspecies belonging to the variability group of Bryum bicolor species, separated mainly according to the length of the leaf arista, is solved through their synonymizing with Bryum dichotomum. The analysis of our material collected from Oltenia, initially lead us to Bryum versicolor microspecies.

Keywords: Bryum dichotomum Hedw., morphology, chorology, Romania

 

STRESS-PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS OF THE GREEN ALGA
SCENEDESMUS OPOLIENSIS TO WATER POLLUTION WITH HERBICIDES

Laszlo FODORPATAKI, Csaba BARTHA, Zsolt Gyula KERESZTES

Abstract. The freshwater green alga Scenedesmus opoliensis proves to be a suitable bioindicator of water pollution with different herbicides. One of the best molecular markers of stress condition imposed by herbicides is overproduction of malondialdehyde resulting from lipid peroxidation in the damaged membranes. Methylviologen, a largely used pre-emergence herbicide which generates reactive oxygen species in the illuminated chloroplasts, triggers the accumulation of ascorbic acid and enhances the enzymatic activity of catalase, both of these substances being involved in the antioxidative protection of algal cells. Diuron, a herbicide that inhibits photosynthetic electron transport on the acceptor side of photosystem II, causes a decline in oxygen production and in biomass accumulation of algae. Glufosinate induces accumulation of toxic ammonia and leads to enhanced net oxygen production, associated with a low rate of carbon assimilation. Long-term exposure to micromolar concentrations of defense. A proper bioindication of toxic effects of herbicides on algae requires a selected combination of different physiological and biochemical parameters which reflect the degree of stress exerted on living organisms by water pollution with xenobiotic organic compounds.

Keywords: algal biomass, antioxidants, environmental stress, lipid peroxidation, molecular indicators, water pollution

 

LEAF MICROMORPHOLOGY IN BUXUS SEMPERVIRENS L.
DURING THE ONTOGENESIS

Irina Neta GOSTIN

Abstract. Ultrastructural aspects of leaf epicuticular waxes were investigated in Buxus sempervirens by scanning electron microscopy. The leaves were hypostomatic and stomata were surrounded with a cuticular thickening that formed a rim. The most prominent epicuticular wax structures of B. sempervirens leaves included granules and platelets.

Keywords: cuticle, epicuticular wax, leaf, stomata

 

STRUCTURAL MODIFICATION INDUCED BY AIR POLLUTANTS
IN PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA LEAVES

Irina Neta GOSTIN

Abstract. Some structural parameters of Plantago lanceolata leaves, which may be considered as biomarkers, were investigated, in order to establish what modifications occur under the pollutants action. The material was represented by leaves of different ages collected from sites with different pollution degrees of the Ceahlau Mountain. External symptoms such as necrotic areas were observed on plants leaves exposed to air pollution. The leaf structure of the analyzed species show some dark deposits in the assimilatory cells, especially from palisade parenchyma. The necrotic areas shows hypertrophied assimilatory cells with thick walls and tannin deposits. Solid deposits are present on both on upper and lower epidermis.

Keywords: leaf, palisade parenchyma, pollution, polyphenolic compounds

 

CELLULAR BYSTANDER EFFECTS
AND RADIATION HORMESIS

Loredana MARCU

Abstract. Bystander effects describe the effects of extracellular mediators from irradiated cells on neighbouring non-irradiated cells resulting in radiation-induced effects in unirradiated cells. Although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, it is widely recognised that two types of cellular communication (i.e. via gap junctions and/or release of molecular messengers into the
extracellular environment) play an essential role. Additionally, the effects can be significantly modulated by parameters such as cell type, cell-cycle stage and cell density. Some of the common bystander effects or biological end points which are evidenced after low-dose irradiation are: chromosomal instability, cell killing and delayed cell death, mutagenesis, micronucleus formation, gene and protein expression changes. Through these end points it is likely that bystander effects can be both detrimental and beneficial. By increasing mutation levels of cells bystander effects increase the likelihood of genetic defects and in turn cancer. On the other hand by removing damaged cells from the population and preventing the growth of cancer cells, bystander effects are beneficial. Radiation hormesis is a term used to relate the beneficial effects of small doses of radiation on living cells, whether plant, animal or human. Experiments on bacteria, plants and animals have demonstrated that several biological mechanisms are stimulated by low dose radiation, such as: protein synthesis, gene activation, detoxication of free radicals and stimulation of the immune system. These mechanisms were also observed in humans. The present review paper is a compilation of the most recent data on bystander effects and the possible implications of cellular response to radiation on cell growth and development.

Keywords: adaptive response, bystander effect, hormesis, low dose radiation

 

INFLUENCE OF CADMIUM ON THE RESPIRATION INTENSITY
OF ZEA MAYS SEEDLINGS

Lucia MIHALESCU, Oana-Elena MARE-ROSCA, Monica MARIAN, Cristian-Felix BLIDAR

Abstract. The respiration intensity of corn seedlings treated with different concentrations of cadmium chloride was ascertained at the beginning of the experiment for a duration of three consecutive days, followed then by a new assessment in the 10th day, and the respiration intensity at the roots and at the above ground parts of corn seedlings of each experimental kind were measured in the last day of the experiment. In order to test the cadmium effect, this element was administered as a cadmium chloride water solution (CdCl2) of different concentrations. In this study it was found that the respiration intensity proportionally increases with the quantity of administered heavy metal. Comparing the results obtained subsequent to the determining of the respiration intensity of the root and above ground parts of corn seedlings it was found that the highest recorded values of the respiration intensity were obtained at the above ground parts.

Keywords: cadmium chloride water solution, respiration intensity, experimental variant, seedling, corn caryopses

 

THE INFLUENCE OF CYTOKININE ON THE NITROGEN DEFICIENCY
OF CORN SEEDLINGS

Lucia MIHALESCU, Monica MARIAN, Oana-Elena MARE-ROSCA, Cristian-Felix BLIDAR

Abstract. In this study we observed the way in which cytokinine influence the growing of corn seedlings and the conditions in which they present a nitrogen deficiency. We worked with two different concentrations of cytokinine: 1% and respectively 0.1%, introduced into 800 ml of a complete Knop solution, a Knop solution containing a double quantity of nitrogen, compared to the control solution, a Knop solution containing half of the quantity of nitrogen and a Knop solution absent in nitrogen. Daily measurings was made for 14 days, considering the length of the roots and shots, in every experimental variant. This study shows that a direct proportionality exists between the growing rate of the corn seedlings and the nitrogen concentration. It was also showed that the average of the growing rate for a period of 14 days was of 0.28 cm at a nitrogen concentration on 2.0 g/l, and only 0.05 cm in case of nitrogen deficiency. Analyzing the average of the shots growing rate (cm), it was 0.39 in case of the variant with cytokinine 0.1%, 0.45 in case of the variant with cytokinine 1% and 0.36 in case of the control sample.

Keywords: cytokinine, nitrogen, measuring, roots, shots, experimental variant

 

STATISTICS ANALYSIS REGARDING NITRATE AND NITRITE CONTENT IN
LETTUCE FROM THE WEST SIDE OF ROMANIA

Monica NEGREA, Ciprian RUJESCU, Ersilia ALEXA, Aurel LAZUREANU

Abstract: In this paper we studied the statistics interpretation of nitrate and nitrite content in lettuce. During three years, between 2005 - 2007 have been made determinations regarding nitrate and nitrite content in garden lettuce. Samples have been taken from agro-food markets in Timisoara, proceed from a few places in Timis County, in the west part of Romania. Nitrate and nitrite content determination have been realized colorimetrically in the Laboratory for the Measurement of Residues of the Department of Agro-techniques of the U.S.A-V.M.B in Timisoara. The analysis were done with the help of rapid tests AQUA MERCK, with the Spectrophotometer SQ 118 at a wavelength of 515 and 525 nm for nitrate, nitrites. The statistics interpretation of the results was done by using the analysis of some statistics parameters like: mean, range, kurtosis, skewness.

Keywords: lettuce, nitrate, nitrite, statistical parameter

 

FERTILIZATION OPTIMIZATION IN THE CASE OF THE LUIZA POTATO VARIETY
THROUGH THE REFINEMENT OF THE ROMANIAN CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
IN THE TG. SECUIESC DEPRESSION (ROMANIA)

Zsuzsanna NEMES, Daniela POPA, Anca BACIU, Luiza MIKE

Abstract. Profitable potato cultures cannot be developed without chemical and/or organic fertilization. The fertilization must assure the best possible valorization of the intensive varieties’ production potential under the ecological conditions existing in the cultivation region. The experiments took place at the Potato Research and Cultivation Station Tg. Secuiesc in the period 2005-2007. Our research proposed this approach to the aspects of potato fertilization in the case of the Luiza variety, created at the Potato Research and Cultivation Station Tg. Secuiesc. To achieve a higher production level, 7 levels of fertilization and 3 types of fertilizers were studied, representing NPK rates of 1:0:0 (ammonium nitrate), 1:1:0 (Complex 20:20:0), respectively 1:1:1 (Complex 15:15:15). The highest and most stable productions are achieved by adding nitrogen in doses of 150-200 kg active substance / ha, and the presence of phosphorus and potassium up to these levels provides a maximum production at the application of the binary fertilizer, Complex 20:20:0, as well as at the application of the fertilizer Complex 15:15:15.

Keywords: potato, variety, fertilization, nitrogen doses, Romania

 

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF CELL METABOLISM, BY USE OF NBT TEST,
DETERMINATION THE INTENSITY
OF LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Annamaria PALLAG, Ladislau RITLI, Ildikó SZABÓ, Mariana MUREŞAN, Diana BEI

Abstract. Otto Warburg, in the early part of the 20th century, originated a hypothesis, that the cause of cancer is primarily a defect in energy metabolism.
A decrease in the capacity of mitochondria to reduce NAD(P), together with a decline in the NAD(P)H/NAD(P) redox couple, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, lead to depletion of ATP and decrease the cell viability. Nitro-bleu tetrazolium have been used to assay cell proliferation and viability. The method to measure cell proliferation is based on enzymatic cleavage of the tetrazolium salts to a water-soluble formazan dye. Succinate-tetrazolium reductase, is an enzymatic sistem, which belongs to the respiratory chain of the mitochondria and it is active only in viable cells. The reagent diffuses into the cells and it is cleaved to formazan. The absorption change is measured and analysed. Free radicals such as superoxide, can cause a damage in cellular components, but several antioxidants inhibiting the lipid peroxidation and limiting the level of free radicals in cells. In the present study we had in view the proliferation and viability of leukemia cells during antineoplastic treatment along with the alteration of the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and ceruloplasmin (CP). With serum level of malondialdehyde we monitored the presence of the lipid peroxidation by the reactive oxygen species, and with the oxidized ceruloplasmin level in blood serum we evidenced the activity of antioxidant system in blood.

Keywords: nitro-bleu tetrazolium, leukemia, cell proliferation, MDA. CP

 

SUGAR BEET (BETA VULGARIS L. VAR. SACCHARIFERA)
VITROCULTURE INITIATION FROM ENCAPSULATED SEEDS

Adriana PETRUS–VANCEA, Nicolae PALCUT, Anca BACIU

Abstract. This study was conducted to identify the optimal method of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera) seed sterilization to "in vitro" cultures initiation, and to found a cultivar that is suitable to growth in specific conditions of vitroculture. The study was necessary because the literature does not refer to the method of initiating vitrocultures from encapsulated beet seeds and to avoid any losses that may occur in a massive micropropagation. The most optimal method for beet encapsulated seeds asepsization, prior inoculation on the vitroculture medium consists in the their dipping in sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 minutes, and the best cultivar which was suited to micropropagation was Evelina, but Diamant too, with 90 - 95% germination rate and a very good ulterior growth.

Keywords: asepsization, Beta vulgaris, micropropagation, seeds

 

THE SCHOLASTIC LEARNING AT STUDENTS,
IN ACCULTURATION CONDITIONS

Adriana PETRUS-VANCEA, Monica SECUI

Abstract. This investigation’s purpose was to study the relationship between learning styles, individual features, student’s motivations, and needs, of psychosocial conditions in acculturation, and the results in school learning, for the foreign students (Moldavians), in comparison with the Romanian ones. At the end of the study we concluded that, concerning the way of learning, the individual features and school performances there are no significant differences between the two groups of students, but the motivation of learning, the student’s needs and learning conditions are significantly different, so at the Moldavian students the extrinsically motivation is more pronounced comparatively to the one declared by the Romanian students, the needs and the learning conditions being the ones specific for acculturation. Paradoxically, the Romanian students consider themselves discriminated by the teachers and colleagues, in the same measure as their foreign colleagues.

Keywords: scholastic learning, students, acculturation

 

ANTIOXIDANT POLYPHENOL AND FLAVONE CONTENTS IN CORRELATION WITH
CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY FOR CALENDULA OFFICINALIS L.

Georgeta POP, Ersilia ALEXA, Andreea Viorica MILITARU

Abstract. During the last two decades there has been a strong trend to returning to plant therapy. Research highlight polyphenol and flavone content of Calendula officinalis L playing an important role in protecting man’s health. Natural antioxidants are spread particularly in the plant kingdom[2]. Bio-flavones and polyphenols are man’s main allies in his fight against all threats to body’s health, including viruses, cancer,, toxic substances and micro-organisms. Antioxidant action of polyphenols is largely used in medicine and pharmacy as deactivating agents of ultraviolet radiation and metal ions. These substances decompose peroxides and inhibit the forming action of free radicals, thus hindering disease appearance [3]. The paper aims to establish that the yield capacity of the analysed cultivars was significant influenced by the cultivation technology. Sowing densities is one of the most important technological step for marigold. Fertilisation also had great influence on yield capacity. Concerning the polyphenol content and the flavones content we can observe that the technology had great impact on their quantity and quality, so in order to obtain best results we should take in consideration the fact that is vital to improve the cultivation technology for marigold. The quality of marigold yield is given by the content of active elements from the inflorescences. From these elements we study in particularly the polyphenols and the flavones.

Keywords: scholastic learning, students, acculturation

 

EFFECTS INDUCED FOLLOWING THE TREATMENTS WITH COPPER, MANGANESE AND ZINC
ON CORN SEEDS GERMINATION (CARRERA, TURDA 200 AND HD-160)

Edith Mihaela RADOVICIU, Ioana Mihaela TOMULESCU, Vasilica Viorica MERCA

Abstract. Due to the human activities (mining, industrial activity, waste disposal, agricultural practice), pollution by copper, manganese and zinc is a major problem. To establish the effects induced by copper, manganese and zinc treatments on germination in corn, we used solution with different concentration for 24 hours. We treated corn seeds with the following solutions: CuSO4 3 ppm, 30 ppm, 300 ppm, ZnSO4 3 ppm, 30 ppm, 300 ppm, MnSO4 3 ppm, 30 ppm and 300 ppm. Control groups were imbued in distillated water. We determined the energy and capacity of germination. Our results showed that copper solutions significantly inhibit germination compared to the untreated control. The toxicity of copper is higher if concentration increases. Zinc solutions also inhibit germination, however their effect highly depend on concentration. The effect of manganese was not so harmful comparatively with control group.

Keywords: copper, manganese, zinc, seeds germination, corn

 

RESEARCH ON THE WATER QUALITY OF THE SASAR RIVER (NW ROMANIA)
USING THE NORMALIZED GLOBAL BIOLOGIC INDEX (NGBI)

Oana-Elena MARE-ROSCA, Lucia MIHALESCU, Monica MARIAN, Cristian-Felix BLIDAR

Abstract. In order to elaborate the ecologic diagnosis of the Sasar river basin, the Normalized Global Biologic Index (NGBI) was used. This index is standardized in the French normatives of determining the quality of flowing waters [6, 7]. The NGBI method allows the assessment of the general quality of a stream by analyzing the benthic macrofauna, the synthetic expression of the general biologic quality. The investigated area is mostly included within the industrial perimeter of Baia Mare, where the most significant the most significant is the mining industry.
The maximum amount of the species belonging to the zoobenthic communities were recorded for upstream of Blidari station followed by the Valea Mariutii station. Severe alterations of the macroinvertebrate communities, in decreasing order of the impact intensity, were recorded in the following stations: Valea Firizei, downstream of Baia Sprie, upstream of Baia Mare and downstream of Baia Mare, the main cause being the anthropic perturbations.

Keywords: Normalized Global Biologic Index, taxonomic abundance, anthropic pressure, Romania

 

INFLUENCE OF LONG -TERM FERTILIZATION
ON SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES

Alina Dora SAMUEL

Abstract. Soil enzyme activities (actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) were determined in the 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm layers of a brown luvic soil submitted to a complex fertilization experiment with different types of green manure. It was found that each activity decreased with increasing sampling depth. It should be emphasized that greenmanuring of maize led to a significant increase in each of the five enzymatic activities determined. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality calculated from the values of enzymatic activities showed the order: lupinus + rape + oat > lupinus > vetch + oat + ryegrass> lupinus + oat + vetch > unfertilized plot. This order means that by determination of enzymatic activities valuable information can be obtained regarding fertility status of soils. There were significant correlations of soil enzyme activities with chemical properties.

Keywords: catalase, dehydrogenase, green manure, phosphatase, soil

 

WHAT TEMPERATURE CAN TOLERATE THE MARSH FROG FROM THERMAL HABITATS?
PRELIMINARY RESULTS CONCERNING THE 1 MAI SPA’S POPULATION (NW ROMANIA)

István SAS, Éva-Hajnalka KOVÁCS

Abstract. The aim of this study was the experimental determination of the maximum limit of temperature in which marsh frogs (P. ridibundus) from thermal water habitats can still survive. For the experiment ten marsh frogs captured from the nonhibernating population from 1 Mai Spa were used. During the experiment we had determined for each frog the value of two parameters: VTMax and CTMax. Following the experiment we did not identify significant differences regarding the thermoresistance of the studied frogs. Thus VTMax had a mean value of 33.9°C and CTMax had the mean value of 36.7°C.

Keywords: Pelophylax ridibundus, non-hibernating, thermal waters, thermoresistance, Romania

 

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE ROUMANIAN RESEARCH CONCERNING THE
COLLECTING AND USE OF GERMOPLASM FROM WALNUT TREES

Eliane-Teodora STANCIOIU

Abstract. In Romania, due to the poor variety of the rootstock, the walnut tree is grafted by mixing different Junglas regia L. saplings. In the County of Gorj, 19 selections corresponding to the mains characteristics of the rootstock have been determinate. On these selections, various studies determinating their biological nature have been done; fruits have been gathered and used for the experimental reproductions in the sapling nursery. According to the selection criteria, every year, on each biotype, the springing percentage have been counted, together with the medium diameter by package, the medium height, the percentage of STAS saplings obtained, and of thriving in the grafting process using the Jupînesti type. The results of this analyse done in the sapling nursery have reached to the conclusion that the selection SL-10-TJ has obtained the highest springing percentage (86%). The medium height of the saplings indicates an irregular growth, which varies between 42 cm (SL-1-TP) and 63 cm (EL-7-TJ). As per the diameter by package, it varies between 14.1 mm (SL-1-TJ) and 16.5 mm (SL-18-TJ). The percentage of the springing STAS saplings is between 17% for the selection SL-15-TJ and 78% for the selection SL-6-TJ, and the thriving in the grafting process is high for all the selection, except for SL-9-TJ, with only 55%.

Keywords: Juglans regia L, nut tree, grafting

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF MORPHOGENETIC INFORMATIVE VARIANTS IN GENETIC
EVALUATION OF MENTAL RETARDATION

Dorina STOICANESCU, Mariana CEVEI

Abstract. We evaluated the presence or absence of informative morphogenetic variants in cases with mental retardation compared with mentally healthy subjects. Cases diagnosed with mental retardation were matched by age and sex with control subjects and examined for the presence of informative morphogenetic variants. The aim of the study was to investigate their prevalence and mean number in these subjects. Mentally healthy individuals showed a lower mean score than those mentally retarded. A higher mean number was also noticed in cases with idiopathic and in those with severe mental retardation. The increased number of anomalies in these cases suggests that such congenital markers could indicate a prenatal onset of the mental deficit.

Keywords: informative morphogenetic variants, mental retardation, genetic evaluation

 

THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE
CNICUS BENEDICTUS L. EXTRACTS

Ildikó SZABÓ, Annamaria PALLAG, Cristian-Felix BLIDAR

Abstract. Our goal was to test the antimicrobial effect of the aqueous solutions obtained from the soft extract of Cnicus benedictus L. (Asteraceae family) flowers. The test was performed on Mueller - Hinton and blood-agar culture medium, on 8 standardized bacterial strains and microbiological strains obtained from infected secretions, using the diffusimetric method. The antimicrobial action of the plant extracts was confirmed by all bacterial tested strains, which presented inhibition zones, of approximately same values, at solutions with different concentrations. The values we obtained reveal significant differences of the intensity of the antimicrobial activity of the mature and immature flowers extract.

Keywords: Cnicus benedictus L., aquous solutions, antimicrobial activity

 

PEROXIDASES ACTIVITY IN THE EMBRYOS OF GERMINATED BARLEY
CARIOPSES, AFTER GRAIN CRYOPRESERVATION

Monica Angela SIPOS, Dorina CACHITA-COSMA

Abstract. This study following the peroxidase activity (PA) in the embryos of germinated barley caryopses (Hordeum vulgare L.), after 20, 30 and 44 hours of germination. The experimental variants were represented by grains that have been frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN) (-196ºC) for variable periods of time (5 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week or 1 month). The results were represented in relation with the same parameter registered of the control lots (embryos of caryopses that were not subject of the treatment with LN). In all situations PA in the embryos was characterized especially by statistically insignificant inhibitions. The inhibitions of PA with statistical relevance were registered at 20 hours of germination, in the case of the experimental variants of 5 minutes, 1 hour and 1 day in LN. These results reveals a very well growth of the barley embryos after grains cryopreservation.

Keywords: peroxidases activity, embryos, barley, cariopses, cryopreservation, germination

 

FISHFAUNA FROM THE LOWLAND MURES RIVER (ROMANIA) AND THE
FLOODPLAIN NATURAL PARK AREA (WESTERN ROMANIA)

Ilie Catalin TELCEAN, Diana CUPSA

Abstract. The lowland Mures river has approximately 120 km in length, thereof more than 80 kilometers are comprised on the Mures Floodplain Natural Park that was established since the year 2007. This river stretch has different biotopes with lotic or lentic semblances with very characteristic and diverse fish fauna. Along the lowland main stream a system of canals, marshes and pools are connected. The results of repeated ichtiological surveys carried out during the years 1998 – 2001 and 2004 reveals that 48 fish species live in this river sector and other 2 species has uncertain presence. Most of the species from the river mainstream has maintain their former abundance (24 species) while other 16 fish species has increased their abundance. The burbot Lota lota and Zingel zingel becomes frequent in the lowland Mures, probably as consequence of their population renewal. The number of fish species that having undergone regression is less (4 species) and the exotic species present here are limited to 8 species. The major threatening factors in the lowland Mures represents the mineral aggregate extractions directly from the riverbed and the waste waters spill. Subsequent, the meanders and backwaters shortening or cutting down has a negative impact on the fish populations.

Keywords: Fishfauna, Mures Floodplain Natural Park, changes in species range, Romania

 

DATA ABOUT DIGIT RATIO VALUES IN TWO FEMININE POPULATIONS
OF BIHOR AND SALAJ COUNTIES (ORADEA AND SIMLEU LOCALITIES – NW ROMANIA)

Ioana Mihaela TOMULESCU

Abstract. This paper is about the differences of digit ratio in two human populations from two localities. These localities are: Oradea and Simleu, from Bihor and Salaj counties. Oradea is a locality with over two hundred thousands of inhabitants, which means the variability of some phenotipical features must be a large one. Simleu is a smaller locality (has under fifty thousands inhabitants), which means the variability of some phenotipical features is lower than in Oradea. This fact is showed in our study. We investigated 100 females in each locality. It were measured the lenghts of the digits 2, 3 and 4, and then we made the digit ratio. The results are important: the digit lenghts are very different in the two localities; the 2D:4D digit ratio, too.

Keywords: digit ratio, feminine populations, Oradea, Simleu, Romania

 

EVALUATION OF THE PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF THE
SALIX CAPREA IN TAILING PONDS

Camelia VARGA, Monica MARIAN, Leonard MIHALY-COZMUTA, Anca MIHALY-COZMUTA, Lucia MIHALESCU

Abstract. The goat willow (Salix caprea) belongs to the typical pioneer vegetation at former ore mining sites in East and Middle Europe as a result of its high metal-tolerance. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are known to contribute essentially to the tolerance of plants against abiotic stress. We have determined the absorption/ accretion potential of the goat willow related to heavy metals, as well as the growth rhythm of this species in conditions offered by polluted sites, correlated to the presence/ absence of the microbiota in the soil attached to the root. The research unravels how the goat willow (Salix caprea), as a native species can be used in remediation actions of polluted sites based on its high adaptive potential, as well as on its capacity to absorb and accumulate heavy metals. In terms of survival strategy, mycorhrised fungi attached to the polluted soil play a significant part, since they induce plants a certain resistance by diminishing the absorption of heavy metals by the host plant. We suppose that the majority of EM associations of S. caprea, in combination with high portions of metal-chelating organic acids containing fungal partners, contributes essentially to the high tolerance of this species against high metal concentrations in the soil.

Keywords: Salix caprea, fungi, heavy metals, phytoremediation, mycorrhizae


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  • The traditions of higher education in Oradea, metaphorically speaking, go back to time immemorial. This year (2008) there are 228 years since the inauguration of higher education in Oradea and 44 years of continuous higher education in Oradea.
    At the end of the 18th century, "a higher institution for philosophic teaching" is founded in Oradea in 1780, which was to become in 1788 the Faculty of Law, the oldest faculty not only within the Romanian borders but also in a vast region of Eastern Europe.
    In May 1990 a decree of the Romanian Government established the Technical University of Oradea, later called the University of Oradea, and based on impressive traditions of academic life in the town. It was an act of scientific and cultural restoration long expected in the life of the Romanian society, a major gain of the people's Revolution of December 1989, one of the greatest Romanian achievements in Crisana after the Great Union on 1 December 1918. This is how the dream of several generations of scholars came true, clearly expressed by a historian of Oradea: "As regarding the future, the desire of all well-meant Romanians is to establish in Oradea a complete university, the lights of which will shine across the entire western border of Romania".
    Today, the University of Oradea is an integrated institution of higher education of this kind, comprising 18 faculties.
    The mission of the University of Oradea is to train and educate on a large scale both the students and also the high education graduates, as well as to approache certain domains of science and technology at high level.
    The structure of the University contains academic education, postgraduate education and scientific research.
    The University of Oradea expanded itself by developing new faculties and research teams, as well as by developing certain specializations inside the existing faculties.
    Education will always be the best long-term investment, as nothing is as precious as the knowledge gained during academic instruction.